New Yorkers, 9/11 and the Election of a Muslim Mayor — An Opinion

New Yorkers, 9/11 and the Election of a Muslim Mayor — An Opinion

New Yorkers Forgot 9/11 So Quickly — By Electing A Muslim As Mayor

Or at least that is how some conversations frame it. What the vote actually shows is more complicated: a city trying to reconcile trauma, policy priorities, and the promise of pluralism..

 By   Jorge Machicado | November 2025

New York skyline — an image of the city that was changed forever on 9/11.

There is a shorthand in some corners of public debate: when a city that lived through the worst terror attack on American soil elects a Muslim mayor, it must mean the city has "forgotten" 9/11. That shorthand is seductive because it simplifies a knot of uneasy emotions — grief, anger, fear, forgiveness, civic pride — into a single moral verdict. But elections are about policy, coalition-building and the arithmetic of voters' daily lives. To interpret the result only as communal amnesia is to misunderstand both memory and democracy.

Last month New York elected Zohran Mamdani, a 34-year-old progressive who — if one reads the headlines — became the city's first Muslim mayor. His candidacy and victory were built less on theological statements and more on a platform addressing the crushing cost of living, housing insecurity, and municipal services that many New Yorkers experience each day. That basic political reality matters: voters often decide who will fix their rent, their commute, and their kids’ schools — not who embodies a single thread of national trauma.

The One World Trade Center and 9/11 Memorial are visible reminders of loss and resilience in lower Manhattan.

Memory is not a single object that a city owns and then misplaces. It is contested, generational, and layered. For older New Yorkers who watched the towers fall on television, 9/11 is a defining rupture. For younger residents — many born after 2001 — the city's present-day crises (sky-high rents, subway breakdowns, public-safety concerns) are often more immediate. That generational divergence does not equal disrespect. It is the way lived experience shapes political urgency.

To say "they forgot" is also to flatten the sustained ways the attack has been commemorated: the memorial plaza, tens of thousands of personal remembrances, the annual rituals that still fill the city's calendar. Those visible, institutional acts of remembrance continue even as the electorate changes. What changed, and rightly so, is what voters demanded from their leaders.

Mamdani's rise cannot be divorced from the issues that propelled him. His campaign—marked by promises to tackle rent, expand transit affordability and invest in social services—spoke to a city exhausted by rising costs. For pragmatic voters, the question at the ballot box was not primarily about liturgy or identity politics but about who would ease the financial pressure on households. In that sense, voters rewarded a candidate addressing concrete needs, not a repudiation of memory.

The Islamic Cultural Center of New York and other Muslim institutions have long been part of the city's fabric.

But let us be clear about two related realities. First: the election exposed, once again, the lingering strains of Islamophobia in American public life. During the campaign there were dog-whistles, targeted ads, and explicit attempts to frame a candidate’s religion as disqualifying — tactics familiar from prior contests in the post-9/11 era. Mamdani himself recounted the pressures of growing up Muslim in post-9/11 New York and the private compromises many in the community learned to make. The fact that such attacks were deployed tells us that the memory of 9/11 remains a mobilizing force — sometimes used to stoke fear rather than to deepen understanding.

Second: electing a Muslim mayor is not the same as erasing 9/11 from civic awareness. Rather, it can signify a different, perhaps healthier, public relationship to the past. A polity that can vote for the person it thinks can manage its present problems — regardless of faith — demonstrates a capacity to separate individual belief from collective blame. That capacity is precisely the opposite of forgetting: it is the practice of refusing to conscript an entire religion into the symbolism of a violent act committed by others.

Critics will argue that some wounds require a particular kind of moral attentiveness — that a symbolism like the choice of a mayor should reflect the city's historical pain. That sentiment deserves respect. But it should not translate into a permanent litmus test that disqualifies faith groups from public life. Otherwise the civic ritual of voting becomes less a contest of ideas than a certificate of belonging based on sameness.

There is also an important political point that often gets lost in the heat of symbolic readings: pluralistic cities are coalitional. New York is a mosaic of neighborhoods whose immediate priorities vary dramatically. Immigrant communities, Black and Latino neighborhoods, working-class enclaves and affluent enclaves do not see the world the same way. A mayor must thread these differences, not stand as a monument to a single historical moment. Electing a mayor from a background that was once marginalized may, in fact, be an indicator of greater inclusivity — a city that trusts people of different faiths to steward common institutions.

Zohran Kwame Mamdani New York city elected Mayor

Of course, equal representation does not inoculate the city against painful debates about foreign policy, national security, or commemorative practices. There will be tough conversations — about how to mark anniversaries, how to hire first responders, how to fund memorials, how to keep the city safe. Democracy requires those conversations to be open and sometimes uncomfortable. But they are better had in a political space where voice and difference are possible, rather than excluded.

There is one more, quieter lesson here for those tempted to reduce the election to a moral parable: examine what people actually voted about. Exit polls, local reporting and the campaign messaging show a city prioritizing housing and everyday cost burdens. The narrative that this was a moral betrayal of memory makes for a vivid headline, but it does not square with the bargaining table where municipal budgets are balanced and policy is made. Voters judged competence and promise — not historical fidelity.

That is not to say memory evaporates. On the contrary, New York will mark anniversaries; survivors and families will continue to be honored. But a resilient civic life is also one that recognizes the horizon beyond the anniversary — the residents struggling to make rent, the subways that still need fixing, the schools that need investment. A mayor is elected to solve those problems now.

So when commentators say New Yorkers “forgot,” they are often performing their own selective memory. They are choosing a particular way to read public life: one that privileges symbolic litmus tests over quotidian governance. The more fruitful question is this: can we hold both things at once — a deep and continuous respect for the dead and the daily practice of electing leaders who reflect the city's diversity and address its urgent needs?

If the answer is yes, then the 2025 election is not a story of forgetting but of a city extending trust to people of a faith that was once cast as suspect. That trust is fragile; it must be met with competence, humility and continued attention to the wounds that remain. It will be judged, as all democratic experiments are, over time — by performance, by empathy, and by the city's willingness to keep both memory and civic responsibility alive.

Rodrigo Paz Pereira — A Full-Length Feature

Rodrigo Paz Pereira — A Full-Length Feature
Rodrigo Paz Pereira official portrait

RODRIGO PAZ PEREIRA: BOLIVIA’S NEW CHAPTER — A FULL-LENGTH FEATURE

A deep dive into the life, politics and program of the man who swept aside two decades of MAS dominance with a promise of “capitalism for all.”

Campaign event with supporters
Rodrigo Paz Pereira at a campaign event. (Image sources aggregated from press archives.)

Early life and formative years

Rodrigo Paz Pereira was born on 22 September 1967 in Santiago de Compostela, Spain, while his family lived in exile during a turbulent period in Bolivian politics. He is the son of Jaime Paz Zamora, a key figure of the Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria (MIR) and a former president of Bolivia, and Carmen Pereira. The family returned to Bolivia after the restoration of democracy, and Paz completed his education at Colegio San Ignacio in La Paz before studying international relations and political management abroad.

Education, family and faith

Educated in the United States — where he studied international relations and later took a master's in political management — Paz blends an international outlook with a powerful local political lineage. Married to María Elena Urquidi, the couple have four children. Throughout his public life he has spoken openly about faith, a recurrent motif in speeches and interviews that has framed parts of his political rhetoric.

From Tarija to the national stage

For more than two decades Paz built his political career in Tarija, a department in Bolivia’s south. He served as a national deputy, then as president of Tarija’s municipal council and later as mayor. His time in Tarija gave him practical governance experience and a regional power base that would prove decisive when he launched a national bid. Observers point to his victory over the MAS candidate in Tarija as an early sign that his politics could resonate beyond the department.

A pragmatic local record

As mayor, Paz emphasized administrative modernization and municipal projects that raised his local profile. The combination of an established political family name and a record of municipal management became the platform from which he later campaigned nationally.

The 2025 surge: how a regional figure became a national winner

The 2025 electoral cycle produced a surprise. Paz, initially seen as a regional figure, topped the first round of voting and then secured victory in the runoff, defeating a field that included established national figures. Media characterized the result as a historic break from the nearly 20-year MAS dominance. His appeal — a blend of moderate economic reform, anti-corruption messaging and an emphasis on the informal majority — allowed him to consolidate diverse anti-MAS currents.

“The son of former President Jaime Paz Zamora… won the election with promises of ‘capitalism for all.’”

Campaign tactics and grassroots touring

Campaign communications and regional press show a methodical strategy: extensive visits to municipalities, frequent direct interactions with traders, transport workers and informal-sector entrepreneurs, and a large volume of short-form messaging on social platforms to stay visible between rallies.

“Capitalism for all”: the program and its components

The centerpiece of Paz’s political branding is the slogan “capitalism for all.” The phrase captures an attempt to reframe market-oriented policies as populist tools: economic inclusion through formalization, targeted social protections, and decentralization of resources to municipalities and departments.

Key policy proposals

  • Decentralization & the “50-50 rule”: a plan to audit and reallocate certain central resources so that a fixed portion flows directly to regions.
  • Subsidy reform: targeting fuel and energy subsidies viewed as both fiscally costly and vulnerable to corruption; proposals include redirecting part of the savings to social programs.
  • Formalizing the informal economy: tax simplification, microcredit and regulatory easing aimed at bringing informal vendors and transporters into the formal sector.
  • Anti-corruption and transparency: institutional reforms to procurement, state-owned enterprise oversight and strengthened auditing.

How he frames the informal majority

Paz has repeatedly framed the informal economy — which his campaign often described as an “85%” majority of workers outside formal labor protections — as the country’s central structural challenge. His policy pitch treats formalization as both an economic and political project, promising access to credit, legal protections and simpler tax regimes.

Voices, quotes and public rhetoric

Throughout interviews and speeches Paz blends pragmatic policy language with moral and religious references. He has used faith-based language to underscore service and duty, while the campaign’s spokespeople stress technocratic competence in economic policy.

“It will be a pragmatic government, as pragmatic and diverse as the Bolivian people… That’s why my slogan is ‘capitalism for all.’” — Rodrigo Paz Pereira, interview with AP.

“Here in Bolivia we have 15% of formal economy and 85% informal… If we don’t resolve these two factors… we will not be able to resolve the structure of Bolivia’s viability.” — Campaign speech excerpt.

Political dynamics: coalitions, critics and the legislature

Winning the presidency is only the beginning. Paz’s party does not control an outright legislative majority, and analysts emphasize that his ability to govern will depend on coalition-building. Local reporting during and after the campaign pointed to internal disputes within allied groups and tensions over candidate lists — fault lines that will require careful management.

Criticisms and skepticism

Critics highlight a number of concerns: lack of precise fiscal numbers attached to major proposals, potential social backlash from subsidy cuts, and the political risk of alienating constituencies during a rapid reform agenda. Some commentators also point to the durability of entrenched networks formed during two decades of MAS governance.

Immediate challenges facing the incoming administration

From the outset, Paz must navigate a set of immediate, high-stakes problems: inflation and currency pressures; the fiscal costs and political sensitivity of subsidy reform; a fragmented legislature; and the task of persuading both investors and ordinary citizens that reforms will be fair and effective.

Energy and natural resources

Bolivia’s natural resource base — particularly hydrocarbons and lithium — will be central to any economic plan. Paz has signaled a willingness to renegotiate how state companies are run and how benefits are shared with regions, but the specifics will be politically fraught and technically complex.

Why his message resonated

Several factors explain Paz’s appeal: widespread fatigue with one-party dominance, a clear rhetorical focus on the informal economy, and a centrist presentation that avoided the extremes of radical austerity or unabashed populism. His running mate, a former police captain known for anti-corruption positions, helped widen the ticket’s credibility on law-and-order and governance reforms.

Potential trajectories: success and failure scenarios

If Paz converts promises into tangible gains — formalizing the informal economy, delivering visible anti-corruption wins and achieving a workable decentralization model — his presidency could reset Bolivia’s political economy. Conversely, mismanaged reforms, legislative gridlock or perceived backtracking on anti-corruption promises could rapidly erode public confidence.

What to watch in the first 100 days

  • Cabinet appointments and whether they signal technocratic competence or political payoffs.
  • Concrete steps on subsidy reform and how savings are redirected.
  • Initial measures to formalize micro and small enterprises.
  • Legislative deals: early coalition paperwork and cross-bench agreements.

Narrative and legacy

Paz’s arc — from regional mayor to national president (elect) — combines family legacy with a modern political pitch. He occupies a space between establishment and reformer, and his presidency will likely be judged not on slogans but on whether ordinary Bolivians experience improved economic stability and opportunity.

Sources and further reading

This feature draws on reporting from international and Bolivian outlets, interviews and campaign material. Selected reporting includes coverage by The Guardian, AP, El País, and regional Bolivian press; social media updates from Paz’s official accounts; and public statements and campaign documents released during the 2025 election cycle. For key pieces referenced in this article, see the embedded citations next to major paragraphs above.

Bolivia's President-Elect Secures IMF Backing Amid Economic Crisis

Bolivia's President-Elect Secures IMF Backing Amid Economic Crisis in Key Washington Meeting

 By   J. MACHICADO

Washington, D.C. – November 2, 2025.- In a pivotal encounter signaling potential international support for Bolivia's turbulent economy, President-elect Rodrigo Paz Pereira met with IMF Deputy Managing Director Nigel Clarke on Friday, discussing strategies to tackle the South American nation's deepening fuel shortages, dollar scarcity, and broader macroeconomic woes.

“The IMF stands ready to support Bolivia in seizing the opportunity to advance economic reforms to the benefit of the Bolivian people.”Nigel Clarke, IMF Deputy Managing Director

The meeting, held during Paz's ongoing U.S. tour following his October 19 runoff victory that ended two decades of leftist rule, was described by Clarke as "very constructive." In a post on Instagram and X (formerly Twitter), Clarke highlighted the dialogue's focus on “Bolivia’s complex and multifaceted economic challenges,” adding that the IMF “stands ready to support Bolivia in seizing the opportunity to advance economic reforms to the benefit of the Bolivian people.”

Paz, a centrist senator from the Christian Democratic Party who clinched 55% of the vote against conservative rival Jorge "Tuto" Quiroga, echoed the optimism in his own X post, thanking Clarke for “the openness and frank dialogue on Bolivia's economic challenges and opportunities.” He reaffirmed his administration's pledge for “sustainable and transparent growth,” emphasizing a gradual reform approach to avoid abrupt shocks.

At the heart of the discussions were Bolivia's acute vulnerabilities: chronic fuel deficits that have led to widespread blackouts and rationing, coupled with a severe foreign exchange crunch that has depleted reserves to critically low levels. Investors and analysts have viewed IMF engagement as essential for Paz's incoming government, which assumes office in January 2026, to stabilize markets and restore confidence.

“This is a strong start for Paz... the IMF's commitment is a guarantee of backing and cooperation to stabilize the Bolivian economy.”Bolivian Economic Commentator

Clarke's assurances of IMF cooperation were interpreted as a green light for tailored assistance, potentially including technical aid and financing programs to underpin reforms like subsidy restructuring and export diversification.

Local media reported that the fund explicitly pledged to “help Bolivia” navigate its fuel and dollar crises, with Clarke stating, “We will support economic reforms for the benefit of the Bolivian people.”

The rendezvous underscores Paz's proactive foreign policy pivot, building on pre-election IMF briefings with candidates that underscored the need for fiscal discipline. As Bolivia grapples with inflation hovering above 5% and GDP growth projections below 2% for 2025, Clarke—a Jamaican economist who joined the IMF leadership in late 2024—drew from his nation's successful reform playbook under IMF guidance, subtly positioning the institution as a partner in Bolivia's recovery.

Paz's team has signaled that further talks with multilateral lenders, including the World Bank, are on the agenda during his Washington visit. For now, the Clarke meeting has injected cautious optimism into La Paz's financial circles, with markets edging up slightly on news of the IMF's supportive stance.

As Paz prepares to inherit a nation teetering on the brink, this early endorsement could prove instrumental in averting deeper turmoil—or at least buying time for the reforms he promises will prioritize the “Bolivian people.”

Bolivia IMF Rodrigo Paz Pereira Economic Reform Fuel Crisis
JORGE MACHICADO. Author

Jorge Machicado

Senior Correspondent | Latin America Economics & Politics

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